See giun in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Face",
"orig": "sga:Face",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "gion"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "gin"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*genus",
"t": "jaw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *genus (“jaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵénus",
"t": "jaw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“jaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "gen",
"t": "cheek"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh gen (“cheek”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċinn"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हनु॑"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हनु॑ (hánu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γένυς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γένυς (génus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "śanweṃ",
"pos": "dual",
"t": "jaws"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A śanweṃ (“jaws”, dual)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *genus (“jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“jaw”). Cognate with Middle Welsh gen (“cheek”), Old English ċinn, Sanskrit हनु॑ (hánu), Ancient Greek γένυς (génus), Tocharian A śanweṃ (“jaws”, dual).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "genae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ginu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ginu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "geno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gena",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "geno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gena",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "genae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "genaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "genaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "giun m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "giun m",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gen",
"acc_pl": "ginu",
"dat_sg2": "gin",
"g": "m",
"nom_sg2": "gin"
},
"name": "sga-decl-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "giun+L",
"acc_du2": "gin",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "ginu",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "giun+N",
"acc_sg2": "gin",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "u-m",
"dat_du": "genaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "genaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "giun+L",
"dat_sg2": "gin",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "geno+L",
"gen_du2": "gena+L",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_pl": "genae+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "geno+H",
"gen_sg2": "gena+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "giun+L",
"nom_du2": "gin",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "genae+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_pl4": "",
"nom_sg": "giun",
"nom_sg2": "gin",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "giun+L",
"voc_du2": "gin",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "ginu",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "giun",
"voc_sg2": "gin",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "greedy",
"translation": "greedy",
"word": "ginach"
},
{
"english": "jaw",
"translation": "jaw",
"word": "ginól"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mouth"
],
"id": "en-giun-sga-noun-TPNc-HQ1",
"links": [
[
"mouth",
"mouth"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʲiu̯n/"
}
],
"word": "giun"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Face",
"orig": "sga:Face",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "ngiun",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "smile",
"word": "gen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative singular of gen (“smile”)"
],
"id": "en-giun-sga-noun-~aRvOiS-",
"links": [
[
"gen",
"gen#Old_Irish:_smile"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʲiu̯n/"
}
],
"word": "giun"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine u-stem nouns",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish noun forms",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sga:Face"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "greedy",
"translation": "greedy",
"word": "ginach"
},
{
"english": "jaw",
"translation": "jaw",
"word": "ginól"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "gion"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "gin"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*genus",
"t": "jaw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *genus (“jaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵénus",
"t": "jaw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“jaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "gen",
"t": "cheek"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh gen (“cheek”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċinn"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हनु॑"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हनु॑ (hánu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γένυς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γένυς (génus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "śanweṃ",
"pos": "dual",
"t": "jaws"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A śanweṃ (“jaws”, dual)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *genus (“jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“jaw”). Cognate with Middle Welsh gen (“cheek”), Old English ċinn, Sanskrit हनु॑ (hánu), Ancient Greek γένυς (génus), Tocharian A śanweṃ (“jaws”, dual).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "genae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ginu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ginu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "geno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gena",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "geno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gena",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "genae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "genaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "genaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "giun m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "giun m",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gen",
"acc_pl": "ginu",
"dat_sg2": "gin",
"g": "m",
"nom_sg2": "gin"
},
"name": "sga-decl-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "giun+L",
"acc_du2": "gin",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "ginu",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "giun+N",
"acc_sg2": "gin",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "u-m",
"dat_du": "genaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "genaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "giun+L",
"dat_sg2": "gin",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "geno+L",
"gen_du2": "gena+L",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_pl": "genae+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "geno+H",
"gen_sg2": "gena+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "giun+L",
"nom_du2": "gin",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "genae+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_pl4": "",
"nom_sg": "giun",
"nom_sg2": "gin",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "giun+L",
"voc_du2": "gin",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "ginu",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "giun",
"voc_sg2": "gin",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mouth"
],
"links": [
[
"mouth",
"mouth"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʲiu̯n/"
}
],
"word": "giun"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish noun forms",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sga:Face"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "ngiun",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "smile",
"word": "gen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative singular of gen (“smile”)"
],
"links": [
[
"gen",
"gen#Old_Irish:_smile"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡʲiu̯n/"
}
],
"word": "giun"
}
Download raw JSONL data for giun meaning in Old Irish (6.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"giun"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "giun",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.